Tus me nyuam yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua cov hauv paus: qhib khoos phis tawm, khiav cov ntawv thov thiab cov programs, siv Is Taws Nem thiab browsers, Microsoft Office thiab cov programs yooj yim xws li Xim. Muaj lub khoos phis tawm ntawm theem pib. Yog tias koj muaj nws, koj tuaj yeem kawm ua programmes, yog tias tsis yog, koj yuav tsum kawm hauv paus.
Nws yuav nyuaj rau kawm, nws yog qhov zoo dua los nkag siab tam sim ntawd. Nyuaj, vim tias piav qhia ib yam dab tsi rau ib tus menyuam yog qhov nyuaj dua rau tus neeg laus. Niam txiv yuav tau ua siab ntev, thev taus thiab txwv tsis pub ua.
Niam txiv yuav tsum txiav txim siab ua ntej lub hom phiaj: tus me nyuam yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua dab tsi tom qab kawm qhov no los yog theem ntawm kev tswj hwm? Qhov no yuav pab koj tsom mus rau qhov tseem ceeb thiab lim tawm cov khoom tsis tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, koj xav kom koj tus menyuam tuaj yeem siv computer nyob rau theem siab. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws yuav tsum to taub li cas lub Web ua haujlwm thiab tus tswv Scratch, tab sis nws tsis xav tau cov lus programming xws li C ++.
Yog tias lub hom phiaj xav ua kom tus me nyuam nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm ib tug programmer, ces yuav tsum tau tsim cov ntawv qhia. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas, koj tuaj yeem saib cov yeeb yaj kiab kev kawm hauv YouTube nrog kev pom loj, thiab muab koj cov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev sib xws - meej thiab yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau cov vev xaib ntawm cov tuam txhab uas qhia cov laus thiab cov menyuam yaus thiab pom tias lawv cov khoom tsim tau li cas. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tuam txhab yog Khan Academy.
Tus me nyuam yuav xav tau lus Askiv kom nkag siab cov ntsiab lus yooj yim thiab nyeem cov ntawv. Paub ntau ntawm cov lus tsis yog yuav tsum tau, tab sis yog tias tus me nyuam tsis paub dab tsi txhua, koj yuav tsum tau xa nws mus rau cov kev kawm.
Ib lub tswv yim zoo: ua ntej qhia tus me nyuam los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim, tom qab ntawd qhia cov ntsiab lus Askiv yooj yim, tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau kev tswj hwm.
Kev kawm ua si
Muaj kev ua si uas qhia txog kev sau ntawv, thiab qee qhov lawv txawm qhia koj yuav sau cov lej li cas. Qhov kev ua si yuav tsum tau ua raws qhov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm tus menyuam: qee qhov haum rau cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo thiab laus dua, thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem pub rau cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 2 xyoos.
- Kodable. Qhov kev ua si no yog rau me ntsis. Koj tsis tas yuav nyeem dab tsi hauv nws, tag nrho cov lus qhia tau ua nraaj: tus menyuam mus dhau los ntawm cov lus nug yooj yim thiab kawm qhov raug ntawm kev nqis tes ua, uas tom qab ntawd yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los sau cov program. Qhov kev ua si yog pub dawb.
- Lightbot yog tsim rau lub xov tooj smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov kev ua si: muab cov neeg hlau me me rau txoj cai ua kom nws tau teeb teeb rau hauv qhov chaw zoo. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tus menyuam yuav tsum tsim tus qauv ntawm kab ntawm neeg hlau, thiab niam txiv yuav tsum piav qhia seb daim duab txhais li cas. Qhov kev ua si qhia koj ua cov lej yooj yim, tsim rau cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog 4-6 xyoo. Tab sis muaj cov qauv nyuab rau cov muaj hnub nyoog 9 xyoos. Cov nyiaj them rau kis las: ntawm 169 txog 229 rubles.
- Robozzle yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov menyuam yau thiab menyuam hlob. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum ua tiav lub luag haujlwm thiab ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau kev txav ntawm cov xub raws cov duab cuam. Qhov no yog qhov kev ua si nthuav dav uas yog qhov zoo rau kev xyaum thiab rov ua dua, tsis yog rau kev kawm paub cov kev paub tshiab. Qhov kev ua si yog pub dawb.
- Lub Cargo-Bot yog tsim los rau cov me nyuam pib kawm thiab cov menyuam hlob. Nws yog qhov yooj yim kawm, muaj cov ntawv nyeem me me hauv nws - rau thawj cov haujlwm nws yuav txaus rau tus me nyuam kom nkag siab txog cov tsiaj ntawv ib leeg. Hauv kev ua si, koj yuav tsum txav lub thawv los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw hauv cov lej tsawg kawg ntawm kev txav. Muaj kev sib xyaw yooj yim, thiab muaj cov nyuaj uas txawm tias cov laus yuav tsis yooj yim los daws.
- CodeMonkey. Qhov kev ua si tau teeb tsa zoo thiab yooj yim: tus me nyuam yuav tswj hwm tus liab uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau txiv tsawb. Txhua qib qhia txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam, thiab txhawm rau nce mus rau tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov kev paub uas tau txais nyob hauv qib dhau los. Cov lus txib ntawm no yuav tsum tau xaiv siv cov cim, thiab kab lus ntawm kev nqis tes ua yuav tsum tau sau siv kab - yuav luag zoo li qhov chaws tiag tiag.
Cov cuab yeej thiab cov kws tsim kho tsev
Koj tsis tas yuav pib nrog hom lus programming. Ua ntej, tus menyuam yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem algorithms raug siv los tsim qhov program, thiab muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau qhov no:
- Kev khawb tau yog qhov chaw kawm kawm haum rau ob leeg hnub nyoog yau thiab tshaj 10 xyoo. Cov haujlwm tau ua ntawm no siv cov ncauj lus piav qhia kev nqis tes ua. Siv kos duab, tus menyuam tuaj yeem tsim ib qho kev ua yeeb yam lossis cov kev ua si yooj yim, thiab nws yuav pom qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Kev kos tau muaj ob qho qauv: rau cov me me - Scratchjr, thiab rau iOS.
- Alice yog qhov chaw kawm pub dawb thiab qhib chaw kawm. Ntawm no, tus menyuam tseem yuav tuaj yeem ua duab, ua yeeb yaj kiab, lossis tsim kho cov haujlwm yooj yim. Alice pab koj paub qhov yooj yim-teem programming.
- StarLogo TNG yog software uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov kev kawm paub piav qhia txhua yam nyuaj hauv cov lus meej. Qhov tshwm sim yuav nyob hauv simulator lossis cov qauv duab. StarLogo TNG tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau niam txiv los pab tsim kev kawm hauv kev siv txoj hauv kev.
- SNAP! - qhov no yog ntau cov qauv kos ntawm kos duab: ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tsim cov blocks koj tus kheej. Tab sis nws ua haujlwm thiab zoo li Snap! ntau nyuaj, yog li ntawd nws tsis haum rau qhov me me.
- Gamefroot yog tus lej-based code editor, thiab koj tuaj yeem tsim ntau cov algorithm nyuaj nrog nws dua li nrog Kos. Haum thaum cov tib Scratch tus menyuam tau dhau los ua nws zoo.
- Code.org yog qhov chaw rau kev kawm ua si. Lawv yog cov qib sib txawv, tab sis raug tsim kom tus menyuam paub nrhiav qhov yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj. Lub Vev xaib yog muab faib ua pawg hnub nyoog, muaj cov ntsiab lus Askiv thiab Lavxias.
- "PiktoMir" yog kev txhim kho Lavxias uas qhia cov menyuam yaus mus rau txoj haujlwm. Tsis muaj cov nplov hauv nws, muaj cov pictograms. Cov peev txheej yog tus ntoo khaub lig-platform, uas txhais tau tias nws haum rau cov qauv siv heev ntawm iOS thiab Android.
Cov tsim qauv pab ua kom siv cov txuj ci hauv kev coj ua, lawv tseem tuaj yeem txaus siab tus menyuam nyob rau hauv kev siv hlau. Tsim nyog rau kev kawm:
- Arduino - Cov khoom ua si qhia me nyuam yaus ua cov microcircuits, thiab ua haujlwm nrog kos.
- Raspberry PI yog ib qho me me, tib lub rooj tsavxwm Linux lub computer: Arduino tau tshaj thiab Python-npaj tiav, yog li koj tus menyuam yuav nkag siab txog qhov kev zov me nyuam li cas.
- Lego. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem ua tus tsim koj tus kws tsim qauv, nyiam nrog Arduino. Tab sis cov menyuam yaus tshaj li 6 xyoo tej zaum yuav tsis txaus siab vim tias Lego tsis sib haum nrog Arduino lossis Raspberry PI.
Cov lus ua haujlwm
Muaj ntau yam lus ntawm lub cajmeem, tus me nyuam tsis tas yuav txawj ua txhua yam, tsuas yog cov pib yooj yim xwb siv tau: Java, Kev ua thiab sej. Cov menyuam yaus hom lus, kos, nws yuav tsum tau paub.
Phau ntawv los ntawm Yakov Fine "Cov Haujlwm rau Cov Menyuam, Cov Niam Txiv, Cov Niam Tais Yawm Txiv" yuav pab koj kawm Java. Phau ntawv ntawm 2011, tus kws sau ntawv, Yakov Fine, yog tus tsim qauv Java Champion. Phau ntawv tau muab sau rau cov neeg pib kiag li hauv qhov kev zov me nyuam, nws cov hom ntawv yog cov ntawv nyeem uas muaj tseeb, cov ncauj lus tau muab coj los sib dua. Haum rau cov menyuam yaus los ntawm 11 xyoo.
Koj yuav tsum pib nrog Java, vim hais tias hom lus no muaj qhov yuam kev tsawg dua li qub C ++, muaj cov duab txhawb los ntawm lub neej ntawd, yog qhov tsim nyog rau txhua lub platform, thiab nrov hauv web programming. Ib zaug ntxiv, Java qhia kev qhuab qhia.
Kev ua ntaub ntawv yog qhov ua raws Java thiab lus. Lub teeb yuag thiab nrawm, nws yog tsim rau kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam, cov duab kos thiab cov duab. Nws yog siv los ntawm kev tsim qauv, kws ua yeeb yam, tub ntxhais kawm. Kev ua haujlwm raug tsim los qhia koj cov hauv paus ntawm qhov kev coj ua nyob rau hauv kev sib raug pom.
Nab hab sej yog cov lus nyuab dua thiab yog siv los tsim cov ntawv thov, games thiab websites. Nws cov cai muaj cov lus Askiv cov cim thiab cov cim, thiab cov programs hauv nws tuaj yeem sib txawv.
Li xyaum
Txhawm rau kom tus menyuam nco tau zoo dua qhov kev paub tau txais, nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas nws tau siv ntau dua hauv kev coj ua. Thiab qhov kev coj ua yog zoo li no:
- Sau ntau tus lej. Cov menyuam yaus sau lawv ntau, nws cov kev txawj dav dav yuav loj tuaj, txawm hais tias thaum xub thawj nws yuav ua yuam kev ntau.
- Nyeem kab lus, website thiab cov phau ntawv ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam, kawm lwm tus neeg cov cai. Yog li tus me nyuam kawm txog kev dag, uas nws tus kheej yuav tau mus txog xyoo.
- Txhim kho qhov zoo li cas. Thaum tus menyuam yaus hla txoj haujlwm zoo, nws yuav zoo yog tias nws xav txog yam kev qhia thiab tswvyim twg uas nws tuaj yeem coj rau nws tus kheej. Tsis muaj ib yam txhaum nrog qhov ntawd: txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws programmers ua nws. Muaj tseeb, lawv kuj txhim kho lwm tus lub tswv yim.
- Qhia lwm tus. Yog tias tus menyuam pib qhia ib tus phooj ywg, piav qhia txog qhov no lossis tus lej ntawd ua haujlwm zoo li cas, nws yuav kuaj xyuas nws txoj kev paub thiab tej yam tshiab tuaj.
